1. Observation/investigation
Find out which animal is the problem. Start a regular sampling program to measure damage and estimate dollar losses. Sampling before and after controls are in place is the only way to access effectiveness and be sure control costs are recovered by improved profits. Learning when and where damage occurs helps you time and position controls precisely for maximum return.

2. Habitat modification
Wild animals become pests in their search for food, water and shelter. Secure trash cans and compost piles, remove food plants, install or close openings in walls, fences, etc. Plant ornamentals that deer and other wildlife do not eat. Control grubs in lawns and landscapes to avoid attracting raccoons and skunks.

Cost effective products include: Garlic Barrier and Hot Pepper Wax that make plant parts distasteful; noise devices that make protected areas unattractive; predator urine and garlic that make pests uneasy therefore making the area undesirable; barriers such as netting prevent wildlife from entering an area. 

If wildlife pressure is extreme due to a lack of alternative food or unusually high populations, no deterrent may work or an extra high dose may be required. If you are using scent, visual or taste products, use more devices/products with less space in between until you see a reduction in damage. The most effective sound, visual and taste/smell repellent programs are put in place before feeding habits are established, and include a variety of techniques, reinforced with occasional actual harassment like running people or dogs through the area.

3. Trapping/removal/elimination
Where habitat modification is not practical or economical, consider trapping for removal or elimination. Use the correct size trap for the target animal.

Note: Before trapping, check with your local wildlife control office for pertinent laws and permits. Always check traps daily. It is inhumane and often illegal not to. When you can't check daily, leave traps in place wired shut, so animals will continue to get used to them. Pack soil on the floor of wire traps (do not interfere with the door), so animals do not feel wire underfoot. Wear protective gloves and long sleeves when handling animals, live or dead, to avoid potentially dangerous parasites and diseases such as rabies.